‘If our enemies seek honour and glory from us, we will give it to them; if they desire gold and silver, we will offer that too; but we shall lay down our souls and shed our blood for the name of Christ and the Orthodox faith.’ With these words, St. Sergius blessed Prince Dmitry Donskoy to rise against the ruler of the Golden Horde, Mamai, in 1380, in defence of Holy Russia. Even after his earthly life, St. Sergius of Radonezh continued to shield Russia from foreign invaders through his intercession before the Throne of God. One of the most striking examples of his miraculous help is found in the many appearances of St. Sergius during the 16-month siege of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra by Polish and Lithuanian forces between 1608 and 1610. This article is dedicated to these extraordinary events.
Historical Background
After the death of Tsar Theodore Ioannovich, the last ruler of the Rurik dynasty and the second son of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Russia entered a tumultuous period known as the Time of Troubles. Foreign powers, particularly the Swedes, Poles, and Lithuanians, sought to exploit Russia’s instability, making territorial claims over vast regions of Russian land. With the ascension of the False Dmitry to the throne, these ambitions nearly became a reality, and Russia teetered on the edge of collapse. However, by God’s mercy, the imposter was soon exposed and executed.
Following this, Boyar Vasily Shuisky was elected Tsar. Yet barely a year had passed before another False Dmitry emerged. Many local troops, enticed by traitorous boyars, rallied to the side of the new pretender, with the backing of Polish forces, Lithuanian soldiers, and German mercenaries. Thus, an enormous army, numbering up to 30,000 men, gathered to support the impostor in his bid to take Moscow.
Tsar Vasily managed to assemble his own formidable force. Rather than risk a direct assault on Moscow, the enemy shifted its attention to the nearby Trinity-Sergius Lavra, lured by its wealth and strategic location. Capturing the monastery would sever Moscow’s connection to the northern and eastern parts of Russia, simplifying the enemy’s advance on the capital.
Anticipating the siege, the Tsar dispatched a garrison of 2,300 soldiers, commanded by experienced voevodes, to defend the Lavra. They were joined by several hundred monks—many of whom had prior military experience—along with monastery workers, pilgrims, and peasants, bringing the defenders’ numbers to about 3,300.
How did such a small force manage not only to withstand the enemy’s relentless attacks but also to prevail in such a long and grueling siege? Anyone familiar with the story of the Lavra’s defence, meticulously chronicled by the steward of the monastery, Abrahamy Palitsyn, will know that faith in God made the impossible possible. The true defenders of the Lavra were not merely the soldiers but its heavenly patrons: St. Sergius and St. Nikon, the Most Holy Theotokos, and Christ Himself.
Miracles of Venerable Sergius during the Siege
Throughout the siege, the defenders of the Lavra were blessed with divine signs, providing them with warnings of enemy attacks, spiritual strength to continue their fight, and glimpses of the eventual victory to come.
The Fiery Sign of Victory
At the very onset of the siege, on the night of St. Sergius of Radonezh’s memorial day, 25 September 1608, a monk named Pimen was praying fervently in his cell, distressed over the fate of the Lavra. Suddenly, a blinding light appeared outside his window. Fearing that the enemy had set the monastery ablaze, he rushed into the courtyard, where others soon gathered. Together, they witnessed an awe-inspiring sight: a pillar of fire descending from the heavens onto the Trinity Cathedral. The fiery column coiled into a cloud and entered the cathedral through one of its windows.
A similar phenomenon had occurred before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453. Then, the fiery pillar rose away from the cathedral and into the sky, symbolizing the departure of divine grace and the impending destruction of the city. However, in this case, the descent of the fiery pillar onto the Lavra was interpreted as a sign of divine favour and the promise of eventual victory. Yet, the fulfilment of this prophecy would only come 16 months later, and many of those who saw the sign would not live to witness it.
Forewarning from Heaven: St. Sergius’ Vision of the Enemy’s Assault
Another miraculous appearance of St. Sergius was granted to Elder Irinarkh, an acolyte at the Lavra. One Sunday, after the morning service, he sat down in his cell to rest and soon drifted off to sleep. In his dream, he saw St. Sergius enter his cell and say: ‘Tell the rulers of the city that a great enemy force will assault you tomorrow night. But do not be fainthearted; place your trust in the mercy of God.’ The elder then saw the saint walk around the Lavra’s walls and buildings, sprinkling them with holy water.
True to the warning, the following night at three o’clock, the enemy launched a fierce attack. However, forewarned and prepared, the defenders fought back with courage, repelling many attackers from the fortress walls through the intercession of St. Sergius.
A Divine Reminder: St. Sergius’ Call to Gratitude and Prayer
Shortly after this battle, Archimandrite Joasaph, while praying in the Church of the Most Holy Trinity, unexpectedly fell asleep. In his vision, he saw St. Sergius standing before the miracle-working icon of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, his hands raised in prayer. The saint then turned to the archimandrite and said: ‘Awake, brother Joasaph, for it is time for singing and prayer. Be vigilant and pray, lest you fall into temptation [Mk. 14, 38]. Do you not know that the Lord God, in His great mercy, has spared you?’
Greatly moved by the vision, Archimandrite Joasaph gathered the brethren and recounted what he had seen. Together, they offered joyful thanks to God and St. Sergius, confident in his continued protection of the Lavra.
Saintly Defiance: The Vision that Struck Fear in the Enemy
The holy Venerable not only appeared to the defenders of the Lavra but also to the enemy forces. On the night of 4 to 5 January, just before the vision to Monk Irinarkh, Saints Sergius and Nikon of Radonezh appeared before the eyes of the Cossack hordes. Two elders, with grey beards and radiant faces, walked as if alive along the monastery walls. One elder censed the Lavra with a golden censer and blessed it with the Honorable Life-Giving Cross. The other carried a bowl of holy water and sprinkled the fortress walls. Both saints sang the Troparion, “Save, O Lord, Thy people…” and the Kontakion, “As You were voluntarily raised upon the cross for our sake…”
Then St. Sergius turned to the enemy ranks and rebuked them sternly: “Oh, wicked lawbreakers, why have you gathered to destroy the house of the Most Holy Trinity, to desecrate the churches of God, and to slaughter Orthodox Christians? The Lord will not allow this.”
The impious Cossacks and Lithuanians fired arrows at the saints with great zeal, but the arrows, instead of striking the elders, rebounded and fatally wounded many of the enemy. This miraculous account was shared by Ivan Ryazantsev, a Cossack who witnessed these events alongside many of his comrades.
Stay Awake and Pray: St. Sergius’ Call to Spiritual Readiness
Despite these miraculous signs, the enemy continued their relentless siege, determined to capture the Lavra with the help of their cunning military strategies. Day and night, cannon fire rained down upon the monastery, wreaking havoc and causing many casualties, even during the holy services.
One evening, Archimandrite Joasaph was fervently praying before the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, tearfully begging for protection. He then fell into a brief sleep and once again saw St. Sergius appear to him. The saint spoke: “Awaken, and do not grieve. Rejoice and offer prayers, for the Most Holy Theotokos, accompanied by the angelic hosts and all the saints, stands before God interceding for the monastery and for you.”
That same night, several monks—including Gennadius, Gurius, and Cyprian—along with some laypeople, also witnessed St. Sergius walking through the monastery. The saint woke the brethren, saying: “Go, monks, immediately to the holy church—you shall find the grace of God there.”
As matins began, Archimandrite Joasaph and the elders shared their visions with the governors, and together they glorified God for His wondrous works through His beloved saints. These visions strengthened the defenders, and the following day, despite their small numbers, they achieved a brilliant victory in battle, with the help of God’s grace.
Apparition of St. Sergius to the Lithuanian Soldiers
During one of the many sorties against the enemy, a fierce battle broke out, and the defenders of the Lavra found themselves on the brink of defeat. But God, through the prayers of St. Sergius, filled the hearts of the enemy with fear. The enemy leader, Lisovsky, suddenly saw a vast army emerging from the monastery and, overwhelmed with terror, retreated with his troops. Seizing this opportunity, the defenders launched a counterattack, captured many of the enemy, and inflicted heavy losses.
Infuriated by this disgrace, Lisovsky pondered how to redeem himself. As he was contemplating another assault, he and his warriors saw an elder armed with a sword walking through their ranks. The elder menacingly blocked their path and commanded them to retreat from the monastery. As suddenly as he had appeared, the elder vanished.
Ignoring this divine warning, the enemy pressed forward, joining forces under the command of Sapieha and Lisovsky for another powerful assault on the monastery. Yet again, through the intercessions of Saints Sergius and Nikon, the defenders, including ordinary civilians, were filled with miraculous courage and repelled the enemy. During this battle, Lithuanian soldiers saw two elders lifting massive stone slabs from the ground and hurling them at the attackers, crushing many with each throw.
The Miraculous Mission: St. Sergius Sends Help in the Night
As the siege dragged on and the defenders of the Lavra dwindled to fewer than 200, despondency and sorrow set in. But St. Sergius once again appeared to Monk Irinarch in a dream with a message: “Tell the brethren and all the men of war: why do they grieve that no word can be sent to Moscow? I have already sent three of my disciples—Micah, Bartholomew, and Naum—at the third hour of the night to the house of the Most Pure Mother of God and to the wonderworkers of Moscow. Your enemies, the Lithuanians, saw them as well. Go out of the monastery and ask the enemies if they saw the elders and why they did not seize them.”
Irinarch relayed the vision to the soldiers defending the Lavra. They made a sortie and captured a nobleman for interrogation. The Pole confirmed the vision, saying that three elders on thin mares had left the monastery during the night, but their guards could not catch up with them, for the elders seemed to fly as if on wings.
In confirmation of this miracle, St. Sergius also appeared to a doubtful monk in the monastery hospital. The elderly monk, weak in faith, could not believe the stories of miracles attributed to the saint. Pondering over how the Venerable could have sent his disciples on horses, he paid no attention when a visitor entered his room. When the visitor called on him to turn around, the monk refused due to his infirmity. But when the visitor rebuked him again, he turned and suddenly felt completely healed.
The visitor was none other than St. Sergius himself. The saint asked: “Why do you doubt? I have indeed sent my disciples.” The monk, still bewildered, asked: “But on what kind of horses, my lord?” St. Sergius replied: “On the three blind horses that the stableman Athanasius Oshcherin drove out behind the monastery due to lack of fodder. Tell everyone this. And also tell them that the stench of fornication from the sins of laypeople is not as vile to me as the sins of monks who do not fulfill their vows. I will exterminate not only the enemies who surround my monastery, but also those who live impiously within it.” With these words, the saint disappeared.
Filled with great fear, the elder spent the entire night in tearful repentance for his doubts and defiance. In the morning, he shared the vision with the others. Unable to find the horses anywhere around the monastery, the monks praised the Lord, who works miracles through His saints.
Soon after this vision, God sent great joy to the defenders. Upon learning of the monastery’s desperate plight, Prince Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky dispatched more than 1,000 soldiers to assist. Together with the reinforcements, the defenders launched a decisive sortie and, on 12 January 1610, achieved final victory.
Afterword
These accounts of the siege of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra leave us in awe of the miraculous help bestowed upon the faithful through the intercession of St. Sergius. They remind us that the Heavenly Patrons of Russia remain ever vigilant over their earthly homeland, especially in times of great peril.
The courage displayed by the Lavra’s defenders—monks, soldiers, and simple villagers alike—serves as an example to us all. With prayer on their lips, they stood against a formidable enemy, ready to sacrifice their lives for their faith and fatherland.
In times of trial, the Lord calls upon each of us to show faith, devotion, prayer, and to imitate the saints with our personal acts of piety and sacrifice. And He will never forsake those who remain steadfast.
Through the prayers of St. Sergius, may the Lord have mercy on us all.
This is an interesting reminder of the timeline of St. Sergius 1380 in which then the Miracle-Working Ikon of the Holy Mother of God Tikhvin brought herself and came to be the Protection of the Slavic nations at the Tikhvin River network in 1383, 70 years before the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire. The Holy Trinity Monastery monastic community praying for us through the connection of their former music director of 25 plus years right before the known start of the COVID 19 pandemic in 2020 and then what led one year ago to the promise of acquisition of our 10-acre nature sanctuary property in the area blessed by the Mother of God again herself in historic Korona. Holy Saint Sergius, instructor of monastics, and defender of Christian lands, pray to God for us as we move forward in our 10-acre land acquisition for New Tikhvin Skete of the Holy Mother of God in Flagler County, Florida.